Nathan HayesChief Financial Officer · Essays & perspective

From the study / A considered perspective

Investment risk5 min read

Assets that can meet an annuity promise

Life and annuity companies have moved a large share of their portfolios into privately originated credit. The extra yield is real, but boards usually see it long before they see what the loans would fetch in a sale, and that ordering is where the risk hides.

[1]Read the complete essay ↗

On the reading table

  1. [2]

    The end of a surrender charge is a maturity date

    Annuity liquidity · 2026-05-11

  2. [3]

    Capital released offshore is capital borrowed

    Reinsurance and capital · 2026-01-19

General-account invested assets, December 2025
$46.8bn
Backing fixed indexed, multi-year fixed and income annuities
Risk-based capital ratio, December 2025
415%
Company action level basis; 400 per cent a year earlier
Annuity sales in 2025
$6.1bn
Through marketing organisations, banks and broker-dealers

An annuity writer's yield is earned on the asset side and owed on the liability side, so I price every loan for the day we might have to sell it.

I am the chief financial officer of Wrenfield Financial Group, a fictional life and annuity company based in Louisville, Kentucky, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Our operating insurer sells fixed indexed, multi-year fixed and income annuities through independent marketing organisations, banks and broker-dealers. At the end of 2025 we held $46.8 billion of general-account assets for about 610,000 policyholders, and during the year we sold $6.1 billion of new annuities. The business is a spread: what the portfolio earns, less what we credit to policyholders, less the cost of running the company and holding capital against both.

I came to the job from the asset side, which is less usual than it should be. I audited insurers in Chicago, spent ten years negotiating covenants and working out defaulted private placements at a mutual life company in Columbus, and five more running asset-liability management for the US arm of a European life reinsurer in Charlotte. Wrenfield hired me as treasurer in 2016, and I became CFO in January 2020, ten weeks before credit markets seized.

The decisions I am asked about most came later. In 2022 we took a minority investor's capital while declining to hand it most of our portfolio. In 2023 and 2024 we let $2.3 billion of annuities leave when their surrender charges expired, rather than paying to keep them, and we sold office mortgage loans at a loss before appraisals forced the question. Each choice made a quarter look worse, and each rested on one conviction: a yield is real only if the asset behind it would fetch a fair price on a day we did not pick.

Capital without surrendering the portfolio

In 2022 we accepted $410 million for a 9.6 per cent stake from Thresholm Capital Partners but capped its investment mandate at about $5 billion, against the $12 billion it proposed. A valuation firm chosen by our Audit Committee prices every position it manages.

Surrenders met without a fire sale

When $3.7 billion of annuities came free of surrender charges in 2023 and 2024, we renewed at 4.1 per cent rather than the 4.9 per cent our distributors wanted. $2.3 billion left; borrowing arranged a year early and timed maturities kept realised losses to $160 million.

Office loans halved before the market turned

We sold $420 million of our weakest office mortgage loans in late 2023 at an average of 71 cents on the dollar, a $165 million pre-tax charge with allowances. Office exposure fell from $1.7 billion to $880 million by December 2025.

A closed care block transferred

In July 2025 we reinsured 41,000 long-term care policies to a fictional reinsurer, Sallowfield Re, paying $240 million above the $1.4 billion of statutory reserves transferred. Our risk-based capital ratio ended 2025 at 415 per cent, up from 400 a year earlier.

Current focus

I am preparing the board's 2027 capital plan, which must decide how much of the capital released by the care transaction returns to shareholders and how much supports a larger share of income annuities. Alongside it, I am rebuilding our liquidity stress test so that every surrender-charge expiry date is treated as a contractual maturity.

Conversations I welcome

I am not looking to leave Wrenfield. With my board's consent I would consider one independent directorship at a US-listed company outside life insurance and annuities, joining its Audit Committee and, once I know the business, chairing it. Twenty-five days a year is what I can offer. I also accept occasional invitations to speak to audit-committee and insurance-finance audiences.

Beyond the page

The record behind the perspective.

In the boardroom

  • Wrenfield Life and Annuity CompanyDirector of the principal operating insurer, in an executive capacity · 2020–present

Formation

  • Bachelor of Science in AccountingKessington University · 1997
  • Master of Business Administration, evening programmeSelwick Graduate School of Business · 2005
Nathan's papers arrive with the counter-argument already inside them, written by the person who holds it. When he proposed selling our office loans at 71 cents, the case for waiting ran to two pages of the same document. We could disagree with him because he had made it easy to.
Joanne TolliverFictional independent director and Audit Committee chair, Wrenfield Financial Group, Inc.
The full record ↗

Contact

I am not looking to leave Wrenfield. With my board's consent I would consider one independent directorship at a US-listed company outside life insurance and annuities, joining its Audit Committee and, once I know the business, chairing it. Twenty-five days a year is what I can offer. I also accept occasional invitations to speak to audit-committee and insurance-finance audiences.

  • Board appointments
  • Speaking invitations